Bearings Types & Classification
Bearings Types & Classification
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Bearing Puller
Bearing Puller
A bearing puller is used to remove bearings, gears, or pulleys from shafts. A typical bearing puller has a forcing screw that is positioned on the end of the shaft and legs that circle around the back of the bearing. These are referred to as external bearing pullers, but internal (i.e. blind-bearing) pullers are available types too. The application of force can be manual, hydraulic, or pneumatic. Even damaged, worn, or difficult-to-remove bearings are relatively easy to remove thanks to the specially designed claws, which fit around or inside shaft components.
Real Images of Equipment's [Electronics]
Electronic Devices
A. Diode
Types of Diodes
1. P-N Junction Diode
2. Small Signal Diode
3. Rectifier Diode
4. Schottky Diode
5. Super Barrier Diode
6. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
7. Photodiode
8. Laser Diode
9. Tunnel Diode
10. Zener Diode
11. Backward Diode
12. Avalanche Diode
13. Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diode
14. Gold Doped Diode
15. Constant Current Diode
16. Step Recovery Diode
17.
1. P-N Junction Diode
3. Rectifier Diode
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4. Schottky Diode
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5. Super Barrier Diodes
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TYPES OF CONTACTORS
TYPES OF CONTACTORS
A. Power Contractors
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| Power Contactor |
B. Capacitor Contractors
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| Capacitor Contactor |
C. Bar Mounted Contractors
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| Bar Mounted Contactor |
D. Installation Contractors
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| Installation Contactor |
E. Solid State Contractors
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| Solid State Contactor |
F. Safety Contractors
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| Safety Contactor |
G. Lighting Contractors
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| Lighting Contactor |
H. Vaccum Contractors
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| Vaccum Contactor |
I. AC contractors
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| AC Contactor |
J. DC contractors
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| DC Contactor |
K. 3 pole contractors
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| 3 Pole Contactor |
L. 4 pole contractors
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| 4 Pole Contractor |
Green Tariffs for the Renewable Energy
What are Green Power Tariffs?
What are Green Tariffs?
- Programs in regulated electricity markets offered by utilities allow large commercial & industrial customers to buy bundled renewable electricity from a specific project through a special utility tariff rate.
- It provides these larger energy customers an option to meet their varying sustainability & renewable energy goals, reduce long-term energy risks.
How Green Tariff works?
- Some programs allow you to choose a "market-based rate"- i.e., the wholesale electricity market price.
- With other programs, your company engages directly with the renewable generation project.
- The utility facilitates your green power purchase through a power purchase agreement.
Price for Green Tariffs?
The price difference between green & non-green tariffs is quite small. Investment in infrastructure along with rising demand has helped lower the cost of green tariffs.
As per the Maharashtra State Electricity Authority (MERC) for the distribution licensee in Maharashtra, the rate for green tariffs is for the consumers who opt for 100% renewable energy is Rs. 0.66/kWh.
Benefits of Green Tariffs
- A new way for large Electricity customers in regulated markets to meet their sustainability & renewable energy goals.
- Price predictability & Potential cost savings on Electricity.
- Organizations with the ability to point to specific, often local, renewable energy projects as the source of their electricity.
Distribution companies that allow the consumer of Maharashtra for Green Tariffs :
1. Adani Electricity Mumbai Limited.
2. Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited.
What is AMP in ships?
What is AMP in ships ?
Alternate Maritime Power or AMP is an anti-pollution measure which helps in reducing air pollution generated from diesel generators by using shore electric power as a substitute.
AMP is used when the ship is halting at a port so that the engines of the ship (working on diesel) do not need to be used unnecessarily. This, in turn, helps in reducing the emissions from the ships by a great margin. This process is also called cold ironing.
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ALTERNATE MARINE POWER (AMP) |
When the ships are being loaded or unloaded in a port or dock, alternate marine power is supplied to them- This is done so with the help of supply cables that are plugged into an electricity supply board in the port on one end and to the ship’s power supply board on the other
- The process is called cold ironing because, in the olden days when the ship’s mainframe engines used to be rested, they used to get cold while the power was being transferred in this manner
- The process leads not just preservation of the marine ecosystem but also contributes to lesser usage of diesel and other oily power supply materials
- AMP provides power for lights, refrigerators, air-conditioners and other equipment on a ship
- The power coming from the shore can be from a separate power generation unit or from the power plant supplying power to the port city or town.
At present, there are four different variations in the AMP that is provided from the port to a ship or a tanker. The same can be listed as follows:
- 11000 Volts of AC (Alternate Current)
- 6600 Volts of AC
- 660 Volts of AC
- 440 Volts of AC
Let’s understand each of them below:
Cable Reel
The cable reel is a ship-mounted reel that is designed to handle electrical cables that connect the ship to a land-based power source when moored at a port. The cables act as conduits for electrical power and fibre optic communication.
Once the cables are connected, the cable reel reels up for certain seconds every few minutes (according to the design) in order to recover any slack that results from ship movements and wind by changing to automatic mode. The cable reel is grounded to the hull with the help of a grounding bolt.
Reel Control Center & Pendant
The reel control centre is an IP enclosure, which incorporates the electrical switchgear required to control the cable reel operation. A pendant controller with 4 functions acts as the operator interface, and the indicator lamps mounted on the door of the enclosure provide the feedback.
AMP Connection Box
AMP connection box is the place where shore cables coming from the other end of the cable reel are connected. They are two in number, one at port side and other at the starboard side. The box is used for changing the connection of plugs to the mooring side. Usually, the plugs maintain connection except during maintenance.
6600V Shore Panel
This panel is a switch gear for receiving electric power from the shore. A vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) and an earthing switch (ES) for high voltage are equipped herein, along with a protection relay for high voltage.
Transformer
When AMP system is in use, the shore side power is transformed from the high voltage to low voltage, and the power is supplied to the main switchboard (MSB).
Main Switchboard
AMP panel in the main switchboard (MSB) can operate by an automatic or manual operation to synchronize with the shore power without leading to blackout situation.
AMP Control Panel
AMP system is controlled by this panel. It has a condition monitoring function.
Fiber Optic Communication
In some AMP systems, fiber optic communication is used between shore and ship. A fiber optic cable goes along inside the cable for the purpose of communication. Clean fiber optic components are a requirement for quality connections between fiber optic equipment. Any contamination in the fiber connection can cause a communication failure. Even microscopic dust particles can cause a variety of problems for optical connections. By comparison, a typical human hair is 50 to 75 micrometres in diameter and is about 8 times larger than a dust particle. So, even though dust might not be visible, it is still present in the air and can deposit onto the connector. In addition to dust, other types of contamination must also be cleaned off the end face.
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SLD FOR AMP CONNECTIONS |
Best Electrical & Electronics Websites for Learn
Which are the best Electrical & Electronic Websites for Learn?
Following are the websites for Electrical & Electronics Learning
Some basic concepts of Magnetism & Electromagnetism
MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
Magnetic Materials
A substance that has the property of being attracted by or attracting the magnet is known as Magnetic Material.
Three Classes of this are
1. Paramagnetic Materials
2. Diamagnetic Materials
3. Ferromagnetic Materials
Paramagnetic Materials Example
Ferromagnetic Materials Example
Magnetic Field :
Space around the poles of a magnet is called the magnetic field, & is represented by magnetic lines of force.
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| Magnetic Field |
The force Exerted on one magnet by another, either attraction or repulsion, is known as Magnetic force.
Examples - Compass, Motor, Train Tracks & Roll Coasters
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| Magnetic Force |
First Law
Unlike Poles attract each other & like poles repel each other.
Second Law
The force between two magnetic poles
i) Directly proportional to the product of their pole strengths.
ii) Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
iii) Depends on the medium in which the poles are placed.
Where,
Magnetic Strengths of Magnetic Poles = m1 & m2
Distance between two magnetic poles = r
Permeability of the medium = u
The force of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic poles = F.
Relative Permeability (ur)
The ratio of the force between two magnetic poles placed at a certain distance in the air to the force between them placed at the same distance in that medium.
Magnetic Field Strength (H)
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Relative Permeability |
Force experienced by a unit north pole placed at that point.
Represented By H.
It is a Vector Quantity.
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| Magnetic Field Strength |
Magnetic Potential
Work required to move the unit (one weber) north pole from infinity to that point against the magnetic force.
It is a Scaler Quantity,
i.e. it has magnitude only.
Magnetic Lines of Force
What is power factor Correction?
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| Power Factor Correction |
What is power factor correction?
- A technique used to improve the power factor of ac circuits by reducing the reactive power present in the circuit.
- The main target for power factor correction is to increase the efficiency of the circuit & reduced the current drawn by the load.
- It reduces the phase shift between voltage & current, so it tries to keep the power factor to unity.
- The most economical value is between 0.9 to 0.95.
Need for power factor correction
- In AC Circuits, voltage & current are sinusoidal waves. Hence, the magnitude & direction changes continuously. At the particular instant of time, the power dissipated is a multiplication of voltage & current at that instant.
- If an AC circuit having inductive loads having a winding, chowk coils, solenoid, transformer the current is out of phase with the voltage.
Power Factor Correction Circuit
- For power factor correction we mainly used Capacitor, Capacitor Bank, and Synchronous condenser.
- According to equipment used there are 3 types
- Capacitor Bank
- Synchronous Condenser
- Phase advancer
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| Capacitor Bank |
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| Synchronous Condenser |
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| Phase Advancer |
Applications of Power factor Correction
1. In the transmission network high power factor is necessary. by using Power factor correction methods high power losses reduced & voltage regulation improved.
2. In an industrial plant induction motor used. This method reduced heat dissipation and Improved the efficiency of the system.
3. PFC Equipment reduces heat generation of the cables, alternator, switchgear, etc.
4. Generate less energy due to the high efficiency of the network. this reduces carbon emission.
What is a difference between Transformer & Induction Motor?
What is the difference between Transformer & Induction Motor?
- Induction Motor is fundamentally a transformer in which the stator is the primary & the rotor is short-circuited secondary.
- The rotor is a stationary part of the induction motor. The rotor current establishes a flux that opposes & tends to weaken the stator flux. because of this more current flows through the stator winding. This can be the same happen the secondary current in a transformer causes a corresponding increase in the primary current of the transformer.
- The working principle of both transformer & Induction motor is the same.
Main Difference in Transformer & Induction Motor
- A transformer is a static device whereas, Induction Motor is a dynastic machine.
- Transformer efficiency is always higher compared to induction motor because there are no moving parts present in this static machine. whereas, in induction motor have mechanical losses occurs.
- An iron core is used as a medium for the passage of flux in the transformer & in an induction motor, the air gap is used between rotor & stator.
- The frequency of induced EMF & current in the secondary is the same in the transformer whereas the frequency of the rotor is variable.
- A transformer is an alternating flux machine while an induction motor is a rotating flux machine.
- Transformer transfers electrical power whereas induction motor converts electrical power into mechanical power.
- Operate at any kind of power factor depends on the load while induction motor operated on lagging power factor.
- In a transformer, both the input & output energy is in the form of electrical energy whereas, in an electrical induction motor input is electrical energy & output is in the form of mechanical energy.
What is the difference between in Watt for Power and Ampere in current?
What is the difference between a watt and an amp?
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| Watts Vs Amp |
- The big difference between the two though as watts are a comprehensive measurement of power while amps are just the quantity of current being drawn.
- The amount of power can vary with the voltage.
- Multiplication of Current in amps & source of the voltage is nothing but the power in watts.
- For current measurement, we used Ammeter in series with circuit & for wattage purpose, we multiply voltage from the source & Current value from Ammeter.
Summary
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